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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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0 X) d2 |# A- P/ ]# e “They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”! U' `$ A1 r+ O: l
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:5 ]; |4 D' O& ~# D: |& x0 v' v% N9 d
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”* ~7 u0 H8 v2 m$ C. K# E7 v& u( A
不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:/ W; S8 T/ a& u
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
; ]1 i1 S8 P' l; z/ g: q 不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。1 O+ l5 E8 {) ~! m2 H4 D+ {+ u
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。
3 L; J# M0 |3 Z. O1 U Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
" Z1 k/ |$ r% N/ p8 X: X% o P7 M Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:7 W! }: i0 M" c2 {8 S7 W# ]' y
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot." ^/ G( [$ s4 A( u( J6 K
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
0 g. ^! W9 x, c. t. l Ⅱ表示“反意见”:% d' T6 Z& B Y; C, p3 S
But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:' C# g0 Y+ A7 X8 j
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
2 b6 H" X5 x) `" S6 f2 s- ^+ m ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.5 O4 S% ^: N$ F) c9 n# n
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
5 a' c3 z/ E. D Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:' g* v- B/ T' [/ o8 X. w3 v$ }
⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.& j( ?2 g4 Q5 E. {, G
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed." q( ]& [( o x, ]9 H+ C
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
3 _5 \& c3 v3 E5 K/ V Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:: @( P K& O1 H( C
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.: H; e# G' J2 H- y- i
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
; l/ [6 F3 ]* G) J ]. ^ Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:7 b4 b$ q" x# }$ T) K2 X9 R3 ~9 M
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
) z u; C$ k' q; G ⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
8 g X, C, Q( y5 d Ⅵ表示“结束”:% f, k8 l0 G% C u
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:4 e4 c( Q! @* r
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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